1. What is meant by ideology? Ideology is the system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.
2. How Ideology Emerges? Ideology emerges in different circumstances. It can emerge due to rejection of social position of any group or in the time of crisis/social stress. It can take place when there is inequality in society or when or when there is dominance of one group. A society that has no ideology has a hard time when faced with such a difficultly.
3. What was Quaid-e-Azam’s belief reading “Nationalism” and Ideology of Pakistan?
4. What was Allama Iqbal’s Ideology of Pakistan? He very significant lives of the Muslims. He criticized capitalism, materialism and lack of spiritualism. He focused on the conditions of the Indian Muslims. Iqbal gave the idea of Pakistan. He moved the Muslims of India to demand for a separate homeland.
5. Describe Ideology of Pakistan and its importance in your own words? Islam acted as a building force before the establishment of Pakistan. Ideology of Pakistan basically means that Pakistan should be a state where the Muslims should have an opportunity to live according to the faith and belief based on the Islamic principles. This idea was brought forward when the two-nation theory was introduced. It was believed that the Muslims should have all the resources at the disposal to enhance Islamic culture and civilization. These distinct cultures, Muslims and Hindus, had limited similarities and thus it was essential for them to provide an individual home for both. The importance of the ideology includes the fact that it is no doubt a roof factor that brought together the individuals to form a nation. The ideology acts as a backbone for the structure of a nation, and without it there would be no concept of a nation or a nation-state. This allowed for its followers to form a movement between the common communities towards a revolution. This nation succeeded in its independence thanks to its ideology.
6. Describe four main causes of separation of India & Pakistan.
1.Religious differences: there was a Hindu majority and India. These Hindus would have had control and the Muslims would have to live under the rule of Hindus. This would have led towards injustice and discrimination against the Muslims and would have allowed conflicts to arise between the people of the two religions. 2.The British had followed a divide-and-rule policy in India: this categorized people according to religion and viewed and treated them as separate from each other. 3.The Indian Congress made several mistakes in their policies that convinced the League that it was impossible to live in a undivided India after freedom from colonial rule because their interests would be completely suppressed. 4.The Congress banned any support for the British during the Second World War. However the Muslim League pledged its full support. There was the hope of an undivided India, but soon the idea faded. Congresses rejection of the government plan of 1942 convinced the leaders of the Muslim League that compromise was impossible and partition was the only course of action to take.
7. Draw an in-depth analysis & important events of Pakistan movement from 1940 to 1947.
1940
23rd March-Pakistan Resolution The attitude of the Hindus made it clear that the Hindus and the Muslims were two separate nations. On March 23rd, at the annual session of Muslim League at Lahore, the famous resolution, commonly known as the Pakistan Resolution was passed. It was presented by Maulvi Fazlul Haq.Quiad-e-Azam said in his address: "By all means Muslims are one nation and they need a separate homeland where they could live their spiritual, cultural, economical, social and political lives independently."
8th August -August Offer It was proposed to enlarge governor general councils to include members from political parties. War Advisory Committee was also launched. Both league and Congress rejected the offer.
1942
12th -15th April-Civil Disobedience Movement 28th session of League was held at Madras in which a resolution was adopted on Civil Disobedience Movement launched by Congress.
23rd March-Crisp Mission The British Government sent Sir Stafford Cripps to India, to discuss with Indian leaders, the future Indian Constitutions. Both the Congress and the League rejected his proposal. The Congress Characterized them us "a post-dated cheque on a failing bank. “Jinnah said that if these were accepted "Muslims would become a minority in their majority provinces as well."
8th August-Quit India Congress initiated it against British, it was "open rebellion" due to which many people were killed League raised a slogan of "Divide and Quite India".
1943
27th December-Action Committee It was formed to prepare and organized Muslims of India for coming struggle for achievements of Pakistan.
1944
9th September-Gandhi Jinnah Talks Gandhi held talks with Jinnah to discuss about the future of India,but no fruitful results came out of it because Gandhi did not accept Muslims as a separate nation. "The wall between Jinnah and Gandhi was the Two Nation Theory."
1945
25th June-Simla Conference Lord Wavell called a conference at Simla. The conference failed to achieve any purpose due to one-sided attitude of Lord Wavell. In this conference, Quiad-e-Azam made it crystal clear that the Muslim League can represent Muslim of India.
2nd December General Elections Elections for the central and provincial assemblies were held in 1945-1946 in which Muslim League won 30 seats of central legislative meant for Muslims and 430 seats out of 495 in the provincial legislative. Quiad-e-Azam said on this occasion:
1946
24th March-Cabinet Mission Cabinet Mission visited India in 1946 and submitted its recommendations to the British. As a result Interim Government was formed but Congress and league couldn't co-operate amongst themselves.
8th-9th April-Delhi Convention Quaid-e-Azam called a convention of all Muslims League members at Delhi. At the convention every member took the pledge to under go any danger for the attainment of national goal of Pakistan.
16th August-Direct Action Day Leagues withdraw its acceptance of Cabinet Mission and Direct Action Day was observed peacefully throughout India, except in Culcutta, where riots broke out.
1947
3rd June -3rd June Plan Lord Mount Batten prepared the plan for transference of power according to the wish of people. He emphasized on the partition of country and told that it was the only solution of the Indian political deadlock. Both League and Congress accepted the plan.
18th July-Indian Independence Act In July, the British parliament passed the Indian Independence act, which was enforced promptly. The Muslims of the Sub Continent finally succeeded in carrying out an independent Islamic State for Muslims.
14th August -Transfer of Power The transfer of power ceremony was held in Karachi. On August 15,Quaid-e-Azam was sworn in as Governor General of Pakistan and Mr. Liaqat Ali Khan was appointed his Prime Minister. "That was the culmination of a long struggle which the Muslims of the South Asian Sub Continent had wedged for a separate homeland in the name of Islam."